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　　2023年上半年英语四级冲刺全真模拟试题（2）

　　Section II Use of English (15 minutes)

　　根据以下资料，回答21-40题：

　　Man has been storing up useful knowledge about himself and the universe at the rate which has been spiraling upward for l0,000 years.

　　The 21 took a sharp upward leap with the invention of writing，but even 22 it remained painfully slow for several centuries.The next great leap forward 23_______ knowledge acquisition did not occur 24 me.invention of movable type in the l5th century by Gutenberg and others. 25 to 1500，by the most optimistic 26_______ Europe was producing books at a rate of 1000 titles per year.This means that it 27 a full century to produce a library of l00000 rifles.By l950，four and a half 28 later，the rate had accelerated so sharply that Europe was producing 120000 titles a year. 29 0nce took a century now took only ten months.By l960，a 30_____ decade later，the rate had made another significant jump， 31 a century's work could be finished in seven and a half months.32 ，by the mid-sixties，the output of books on a world 33 ，Europe included，approached the prodigious figure of 900 titles per day.

　　One can 34 argue that every book is a net gain for the advancement of knowledge.Nevertheless we find that the accelerative 35 in book publication does，in fact,crudely 36 the rate at which man discovered new knowledge。For example，prior to Gutenberg 37 11 chemical elements were known.Antimony，the l2th，was discovered 38 about the time he was working on his invention.It was fully 200 years since the 11th，arsenic，had been discovered.39 the same rate of discovery continued，we would by now have added only two or three additional elements to the periodic table since Gutenber9.40 ，in the 450 years after his time，certain people discovered some seventy additional elements.And since l900 we have been isolating the remaining elements not at a rate of one every two centuries，but of one every three years.

　　21、

　　A.accumulation

　　B.development

　　C.knowledge

　　D.rate

　　22、

　　A.so

　　B.if

　　C.then

　　D.when

　　23、

　　A.to

　　B.by

　　C.from

　　D.in

　　24、

　　A.until

　　B.since

　　C.when

　　D.before

　　25、

　　A.As

　　B.Due

　　C.Prior

　　D.Next

　　26、

　　A.examples

　　B.estimates

　　C.evidence

　　D.evaluation

　　27、

　　A.would take

　　B.had taken

　　C.was taking

　　D.would have taken

　　28、

　　A.decades

　　B.centuries

　　C.dozens

　　D.years

　　29、

　　A.This

　　B.These

　　C.It

　　D.What

　　30、

　　A.plain

　　B.historic

　　C.single

　　D.eventful

　　31、

　　A.now that

　　B.so that

　　C.as

　　D.when

　　32、

　　A.However

　　B.But

　　C.And

　　D.Therefore

　　33、

　　A.scope

　　B.sphere

　　C.scale

　　D.stretch

　　34、

　　A.so

　　B.hardly

　　C.accordingly

　　D.therefore

　　35、

　　A.line

　　B.circle

　　C.diagram

　　D.curve

　　36、

　　A.fit

　　B.like

　　C.resemble

　　D.parallel

　　37、

　　A.about

　　B.only

　　C.more than

　　D.less than

　　38、

　　A.in

　　B.at

　　C.on

　　D.for

　　39、

　　A.As

　　B.Had

　　C.If

　　D.With

　　40、

　　A.In addition

　　B.In turn

　　C.Instead

　　D.In particular

　　Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

　　Part A

　　根据以下资料，回答41-60题：

　　The demoralizing environment，decrepit(老朽的)building and minimal materials make the high school experience for these children an uphill battle.Merely graduating from such a high school is difficult，much less becoming a high-caliber science or engineering student.Schools with students from a higher socioeconomic level would not tolerate the obstacles I encountered daily. improvements need to be made efficiently and made soon，or the divisions among people in this country will only become more extreme.

　　Of course，there are things that concerned citizens can do to help.Get involved with a school.especially one in a poor area.Volunteer to give a presentation or just to spend time with the children. My students were excited to talk to an insurance salesperson who came to give a career exploration lecture.They not only were genuinely interested in the opportunities he described but also were amazed that such a mall would donate an afternoon to them.

　　Although those measures can help，they are not enough.For teaching to be effective.the en-tire environment of the inner city needs to be changed.Teaching someone the difference between Velocity and acceleration is irrelevant if the person is hungry and scared.Programs that educate parents in child-rearing，organize low-income groups into cooperative units.fight drug trafficking and help to clean up the ghettos physically will improve the life in me community.

　　The small alterations and"new"proposals currently filling the newspapers are certainly not strong enough to transform a decaying and demoralized school structure that has been disintegrating for decades. Inner-city schools need so much more，and the children deserve so much more than our society is willing to give.Like many other people，I entered the teaching profession eager to investigate change and found many institutionalized obstacles in my way.It should not be so difficult to make a difference.

　　41、By saying"an uphill battle"，the author means_______.

　　A.a tough task

　　B.a easy job

　　C.an upgrade class

　　D.climbing a hill

　　42、 We can learn from the text that______.

　　A.the political circle will offer the help to the high schools

　　B.giving a presentation is beneficial to students

　　C.teaching methods have to be changed

　　D.students are afraid to talk to strangers

　　43、 The author believes that______.

　　A.the divisions among people result from their property

　　B.a high-caliber science student graduates from a ordinary high school

　　C.me small alterations should be done immediately

　　D.the society's help to inner-city schools is inadequate

　　44、 It is the author's opinion that______will improve the life of inner city people.

　　A.offering more education programs to students

　　B.helping to clean up the ghettos physically

　　C.taking measures to help extreme poor students

　　D.bringing up more engineering students

　　45、 It can be concluded from the author's remarks that______.

　　A.we should educate more high schools students

　　B.me obstacles in teachers'way should be moved away

　　C.the decaying school buildings should be reconstructed

　　D.we should build up more high schools in our city

　　根据以下资料，回答46-65题：

　　Many phrases used to describe monetary policy，such as"steering the economy to a soft landing"or"a touch on the brakes"，makes it sound like a precise science.Nothing could be further from me truth.The relation between interest rates and inflation is uncertain.And there are long， variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy.Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen，a cracked rear view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.

　　Given all these disadvantages，central bankers seem to have had much to boast about.Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3%one year.close to its lowest level in 30 years.before rising slightly t0 2.5%the next July.This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early l980s.

　　It is also less than most forecasters has predicted.In late l994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5%in l995.In fact.it fell t0 2.6%in August，and is expected to average only about 3%for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year.This is no flash in the pan;over the past few years，inflation has been continually lower than expected in Britain and America.

　　Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States，since conventional measures suggest that both economies，and especially that of America, have little productive slack.America's capacity utilization，for example，hit historically high levels earlier this year，and its jobless rate(5.6%in August)has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment--the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.

　　Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is，unfortunately，a little defective.Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models which were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

　　46、According to the text, making monetary policy changes________.

　　A.is comparable to driving a car

　　B.is similar to carrying out scientific work

　　C.will not influence the economy immediately

　　D.will have an immediate impact on the inflation rate

　　47、 From the text we learn that________.

　　A.there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest rates

　　B.the economy always follows particular trends

　　C.the current economic problems are entirely predictable

　　D.the present economic situation is better than expected

　　48、 The text suggests that________.

　　A.the previous economic models are still applicable

　　B.an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation

　　C.a high unemployment rate will result from inflation

　　D.interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy

　　49、 By saying"This is no flash in the pan"(Para3)，the author means that"________".

　　A.the low inflation rate will continue

　　B.the inflation rate will rise again

　　C.inflation will disappear entirely

　　D.there is no inflation at present

　　50、 How does the author feel about the present situation?

　　A.Tolerant.

　　B.Indifferent.

　　C.Disappointed.

　　D.Surprised.

　　根据以下资料，回答51-70题：

　　Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction.Most of US have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort when we work.Today's corporations hire human engineering specialists and spend a great deal of time and money to make sole that the physical environments of buildings are fit to the activities of their inhabitants.

　　Similarly，college classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinkin9.We will move into the twenty-first century，but step into almost any college classroom and you will step back in time at least a hundred years.Desks are normally in straight rows. So students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates.The assumption behind such an arrangement is obvious：everything important comes from the teacher.

　　With a little imagination and effort，unless desks are fixed to the floor，the teacher call correct this situation and create space that encourages interchanges among students.In small or standard-sized classes，chairs，desks and tables can be arranged in different ways：circles，U-shapes，0r semicircles.The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else.Larger classes，particularly those held in lecture halls，unfortunately，allow much less flexibility.

　　Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises.Small classes with moveable desks and tables present no problem.Even in large lecture halls，it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six.Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other，think out hard，and see how other students' thinking processes operate-all these are the most important elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.

　　In courses that regularly use a small group format，students might be asked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course.A colleague of mine allows students to move around during the first two weeks，until they find a group they are comfortable with.He then asks them to stay in the same seat，with the same group，from then on.This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students' names and faces.

　　51、The expression "step back in time at least a hundred years"(Para2)is intended to con-vey the idea that_______.

　　A.college classrooms often remind people of their college life

　　B.critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago

　　C.a hundred years a90，desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different

　　D.there is not much change in the college educational idea over the past hundred years

　　52、 The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is_______.

　　A.for the teacher to divide students into small groups

　　B.to make it possible for students to interact with each other

　　C.for the teacher to find out how students think

　　D.to give students more opportunities to practice speaking

　　53、 The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that_______.

　　A.the teacher saves the trouble in doing that

　　B.learning is made comfortable in this way

　　C.the teacher can easily remember students'names and faces

　　D.brighter students can help slower ones

　　54、 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A.New kind of desks and chairs should be made.

　　B.Many companies are trying to improve the working settings for their employees.

　　C.Classroom interaction between students is essential to the training of critical thinking.

　　D.A comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency.

　　55、 Which of the following arrangements of the classroom can bring about the best teaching effect?

　　A.Arranging the desks in straight rows and providing every minute for the students to listen to the teacher.

　　B.Breaking a class into small groups and letting the students find the group they prefer to stay in.

　　C.Putting the students in larger classes and allowing them to discuss.

　　D.Breaking a class into small groups and asking the students to stay in the fixed groups as the teacher arranges.

　　根据以下资料，回答56-75题：

　　Davison knelt down close to the bottom of the basement stairs.He was saved for the moment by the thick fog which covered the street.Could the policemen be sure that he hadn't turned round and run back into the main street? But they weren't taking chances.Davison slowly went down the street as they searched all the doorways.

　　There wasn't a light on in the basement flat behind him.That alone was dangerous.The po1icemen were coming close but they wouldn't expect to find him in an occupied flat.There was a notice on the door which said "No milk till Monday".he tore it down.He tried the door and found it was double locked.The footsteps came nearer very slowly.They must be searching thoroughly.He knew there was one chance because people were often careless，so he took out a knife，slipped it under the catch of the window and pushed upward until the window slid up.He climbed through quickly and fell on to a bed.He closed the window and turned on the light at once.

　　He heard steps coming towards the front door.On no account must the place seem empty.He looked for an electric point，and quickly connected the radio and turned it on.Then he opened the door opposite and found himself in the bathroom.Somebody-it could only be a policeman-rang the doorbell.Luckily he found what he wanted in the bathroom cupboard straightaway-a razor，a stick of shaving soap and a towel.He tied the towel over his collar and managed to soap over his neat beard and the ugly scar on his chin fairly thickened before the bell rang again.

　　Davison moved slowly to the front door and opened it.Two policemen stood outside and one of them had a dirty piece of paper in one hand."We've just found this note，"he said."As it says'No milk till Monday'，I thought the flat might be empty and the light left on by mistake."He looked at Davison carefully.

　　56、When Davison was hiding by the stairs，the policemen were----.

　　A.searching the flats

　　B.running in the street

　　C.searching for him in the street

　　D.looking in the doorway

　　57、 From the first paragraph，we know that---

　　A.the thick fog made it difficult for the policemen to crack down Davison

　　B.Davison ran SO quickly that the policemen couldn't find him in the fog

　　C.Davison was very tricky，and escaped from the policemen

　　D.Both B and C

　　58、 The instant Davison entered the flat，he turned on the light because--.

　　A.he wondered whether there was someone in it

　　B.he wanted to examine the flat

　　C.the policemen might not look in an occupied flat

　　D.he could observe the policemen

　　59、 After Davison got into the bathroom，he--.

　　A.turned on the light

　　B.attempted to hide in it

　　C.made it look as if he were the owner of the flat

　　D.recognized that it was a safe place

　　60、 What led the policemen to search for the flat?

　　A.The light.

　　B.That piece of paper thrown away outside the flat.

　　C.The double lock.

　　D.The closed windows.

　　Section III Reading Comprehension

　　Part B

　　根据以下资料，回答61-65题：

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　"Intelligence "at best is an assumptive construct-the word's meaning has never been clear.61)There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.But it is generally agreed that a person who has high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily，make distinctions，reason logically，and use verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems.An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child's capacity for learning.particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school.It does not measure character.social adjustment，physical endurance，manual skills，or artistic abilities.It is not sup- Dosed t0-it was not designed for such purposes.62)To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.

　　The other thing we should notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.

　　63)NOW since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a"valid"or "fair" comparison.It is here that some of the difficulties which interest US begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors：the intention to do one's best，the knowledge required for understanding what you must do，and the intellectual ability to do it.64)The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable，and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly.Its value lies，of course，in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction.Nobody is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test;what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require "general intelligence".65)On me whole，such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.

　　Section IV Writing.(35 minutes)

　　66、Tourism is one of the most promising industries of the last few years.In most countries there are official organizations to encourage tourists.In fact，very often the ordinary people are worse off because the presence of large numbers of tourists means that the price of food becomes too expensive for poor people in the tourist cities.

　　In your essay，give your views on the pros and cons of tourism.

　　You should write160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

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